Tamaudun (玉陵) is a mausoleum in Shuri, Okinawa, built for Ryūkyūan royalty in 1501 by King Shō Shin, the third king of the second Shō dynasty a short distance from Shuri Castle.
The site, covering an area of 2,442m², consists of two
stone-walled enclosures, the three compartments of the mausoleum
itself facing north and backed by a natural cliff to the south. A
stone stele in the outer enclosure memorializes the construction of
the mausoleum, and lists the name of Shō Shin along with those of
eight others involved in the construction. The three compartments
of the mausoleum are laid out from east to west, with kings and
queens in the eastern compartment and the princes and rest of the
royal family in the western compartment, the central compartment
used for the Ryukyuan tradition of senkotsu; remains would
only be kept here for a limited time, after which the bones were
washed and entombed. The shisa (stone lions) guarding the
tomb are examples of traditional Ryūkyūan stone sculpture. The
architectural style of the mausoleum represents that of the royal
palace at the time, which was a stone structure with a wooden
roof.
Eighteen kings are entombed at Tamaudun, along with their queens
and royal children. The first to be buried there was King Shō En,
for whom the mausoleum was constructed upon the orders of his son
and successor, Shō Shin. The last was former Crown Prince Shō Ten,
son of the Ryūkyū Kingdom's last king, Shō Tai, who was entombed
there on September 26, 1920. The structure suffered extensive
damage in the 1945 battle of Okinawa, and was subsequently looted,
but the tombs and royal remains themselves remain intact, and much
of the structure has been restored in the years since the end of
the war. It was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on
December 2, 2000, as a part of the site group Gusuku Sites and
Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.
Royalty
entombed
- Eastern Chamber
- Shō En (1415-1476)
- Shō Shin (1465-1526)
- Shō Sei (1497-1555)
- Shō Gen (1528-1572)
- Shō Baigaku, Queen of Shō Gen (d. 1605)
- Shō Ei (1559-1588)
- Aoriya anji Kanashi (dates unknown)
- Shō Konkō, Queen of Shō Ei (1562-1637)
- Shō Hō (1590-1640)
- Shō Baigan, Queen of Shō Hō (dates unknown)
- Shō Kyō, eldest son of Shō Hō (1612-1631)
- Shō Rankei, Queen of Shō Hō (1588-1661)
- Shō Ken (1625-1647)
- Shō Kaho, Queen of Shō Ken (1630-1666)
- Shō Shitsu (1629-1668)
- Shō Hakusō, Queen of Shō Shitsu (1629-1699)
- Shō Tei (1645-1709)
- Shō Gesshin, Queen of Shō Tei (1645-1703)
- Shō Jun, Crown Prince, eldest son of Shō Tei (1660-1706)
- Shō Giun, Crown Princess, wife of Shō Jun (1664-1723)
- Shō Eki (1678-1712)
- Shō Konkō, Queen of Shō Eki (1680-1745)
- Shō Kei (1700-1751)
- Shō Ninshitsu, Queen of Shō Kei (1705-1779)
- Shō Boku (1739-1794)
- Shō Shukutoku, Queen of Shō Boku (1740-1779)
- Shō Tetsu (1759-1788)
- Shō Tokutaku, Queen of Shō Tetsu (1762-1795)
- Shō On (1784-1802)
- Shō Sentoku, Queen of Shō On (1785-1869)
- Shō Sei (1800-1803)
- Shō Kō (1787-1834)
- Shō Juntoku, Queen of Shō Kō (1791-1854)
- Shō Iku (1813-1847)
- Shō Gentei, Queen of Shō Iku (1814-1864)
- Shō Tai (1843-1901)
- Shō Kenshitsu, Queen of Shō Tai (1843-1868)
- Shō Ten, Crown Prince, eldest son of Shō Tai (1864-1920)
- Shō Shō, Crown Princess, wife of Shō Ten (dates unknown)
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- Western Chamber
- Shō Gesshin, eldest daughter of Shō En (dates unknown)
- Eldest daughter of Shō Ikō (name, dates unknown)
- Shō Shōi, third son of Shō Shin (dates unknown)
- Shō Isshi, eldest daughter of Shō Gen (d. 1570)
- Shō Setsurei, wife of Shō Gen (dates unknown)
- Shō Bairei, wife of Shō Gen (dates unknown)
- Shō Getsurei, second daughter of Shō Ei (1584-1653)
- Shō Ryōgetsu, wife of Shō Hō (1597-1634)
- Shō Setsurei, wife of Shō Kyō (d. 1697)
- Shō Ryōchoku, wife of Shō Bun (dates unknown)
- Shō Kyū, third son of Shō Gen (1560-1620)
- Shō Yō, second son of Shō Kō (1813-1815)
- Shō Ken, fourth son of Shō Kō (b. 1818)
- Shō Ten, seventh son of Shō Kō (1829-1833)
- Shō Shun, eldest daughter of Shō Iku (1832-1844)
- Shō Otoko and Michiko, fifth and sixth daughters of Shō Tai
(dates unknown)
- 17 Unknowns, one in the Central Chamber
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References
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