Ciudad Rodrigo

Ciudad Rodrigo is a small cathedral city in Salamanca Province in western Spain (approximately a population of 14000 inhabitants, and head of the judicial district).

The site of Ciudad Rodrigo, perched atop a rocky rise on the right bank of the River Águeda, has been occupied since the Neolithic Age.

Known also as Mirobriga by those who wish to associate the city with an ancient Celtic village in the outskirts of the modern city.

History

Origins

Ciudad Rodrigo was originally a Celtic village under the name of Mirobriga. The town was later taken by the Romans during the conquest of Lusitania and named Augustobriga.

In the 12th century was repopulated the site by King Ferdinand II of León, walling it and re-establishing the old visigothic diocese of Calabria into the new bishopric as suffragan of the Diocese of Santiago de Compostela; it comprised a big part of the province of Salamanca, and a portion of the province of Cáceres, an act confirmed by Pope Alexander III in 1175. This led to the construction of the city’s cathedral, an architectural hybrid of the Gothic and late Romanesque styles. King Alfonso VIII gave the city of Caliabria to the Diocese of Ciudad Rodrigo in 1191. The first bishop of whom anything certain is known was called Pedro (1165) and one of the most celebrated was the learned jurist Don Diego de Covarruvias y Leyva (1560).

Napoleonic Wars

Main articles: Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1810) and Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo

Its position as a fortified town on the main road from Portugal to Salamanca made it militarily important in the middle years of the Napoleonic Peninsular War.

The French Marshal Michel Ney took Ciudad Rodrigo on July 9, 1810 after a 24-day siege. The 5,500-man Spanish garrison of Field Marshal Don Andreas de Herrasti put up a gallant defense, surrendering only after French artillery opened a breach in the walls and their infantry were poised for an assault. The Spanish suffered 461 killed and 994 wounded, while 4,000 men and 118 cannon were captured. Ney's VI Corps lost 180 killed and over 1,000 wounded during the siege. The French soldiery then pillaged the city. The siege delayed Marshal André Masséna's invasion of Portugal by a month.

The British General Wellington began his 1812 campaign by taking Ciudad Rodrigo by storm on the night of January 19, 1812 – January 20, 1812 after preparatory operations lasting about 10 days. In these clashes, the British captured the Greater Teson on January 8 and the Lesser Teson on January 16. Meanwhile, two breaches in the walls had been opened by Wellington's twenty-three 24-lb and four 18-lb siege guns under the command of Captain Alexander Dickson. Major-General Thomas Picton's 3rd Division assaulted the "greater" breach while Robert Craufurd's Light Division attacked the "lesser" breach. Allied losses in the siege were 195 killed and 916 wounded, although amongst the dead were Maj-Gens Henry Mackinnon and Craufurd. The 2,000-man French garrison under Brig-Gen Barrié lost 529 killed and wounded, while the rest were captured. The French Army of Portugal lost its entire siege train among the 142 captured cannon. There were two cannons embedded in the wall of the "greater" breach that caused most casualties in the storming. The 88th Connaught Rangers Regiment took one of the guns while the 45th Nottinghamshire Regiment took the other. The victory was marred when the British rank and file thoroughly sacked the city, despite the efforts of their officers. The capture of Ciudad Rodrigo allowed Wellington to proceed to Badajoz, whose taking was a much more bloody affair.

In 1812, the then-Viscount Wellington (later created a Duke) was rewarded for his victorious liberation of Spain with the hereditary Spanish ducal victory title of Duque de Ciudad Rodrigo.

Ciudad Rodrigo is also the birthplace of Siglo de Oro writer Feliciano de Silva.

The Castle of Henry II of Castile

This castle was built by the medieval king Henry II of Castile in 1372.

References

  • William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
  • Chandler, David, Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars Macmillan, 1979.
  • Glover, Michael, The Peninsular War 1807-1814 Penguin, 1974.
  • Smith, Digby, The Napoleonic Wars Data Book Greenhill, 1998.

External links

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Nacho Comisana
2 May 2013
Mucha cuesta pero merece la pena dar una vuelta por la muralla, comer en La Paloma, sentarse al lado del verraco del siglo IV antes de Cristo y tomar el sol en la plaza central.
Jean Cité
7 August 2014
Merece la pena la muralla, la catedral... ¡Y el museo del orinal!
Jamile Cabus
9 August 2013
Lindo o castelo.
Juanjo Sánchez Vidal
30 March 2013
Pasear por sus calles es recorrer siglos de historia. Continuar con la Ruta de Fortificaciones de Frontera y disfrutareis.
José Cid
11 August 2012
Uno de los pueblos mas bonitos de España
Neka Martin
9 December 2012
En la puerta del ayuntamiento de ciudad rodrigo
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Calle Julián Sánchez, 15, 37500 Cdad. Rodrigo, Salamanca, Spain Get directions
Sat 9:00 AM–8:00 PM
Sun 10:00 AM–7:00 PM
Mon 11:00 AM–6:00 PM
Tue 10:00 AM–7:00 PM
Wed 11:00 AM–4:00 PM
Thu 10:00 AM–5:00 PM

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