Canals of Amsterdam

Amsterdam, capital of the Netherlands, has more than one hundred kilometers of grachten (canals), about 90 islands and 1,500 bridges. The three main canals (Herengracht, Prinsengracht and Keizersgracht), dug in the 17th century during the Dutch Golden Age, form concentric belts around the city, known as the Grachtengordel. Alongside the main canals are 1550 monumental buildings. The 17th-century canal ring area, including the Prinsengracht, Keizersgracht, Herengracht and Jordaan, were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010, contributing to Amsterdam's fame as the "Venice of the North".

History

Much of the Amsterdam canal system is the successful outcome of city planning. In the early part of the 17th century, with immigration rising, a comprehensive plan was put together, calling for four main, concentric half-circles of canals with their ends resting on the IJ Bay. Known as the "grachtengordel", three of the canals are mostly for residential development (Herengracht or ‘’Patricians' Canal’’; Keizersgracht or ‘’Emperor's Canal’’; and Prinsengracht or ‘’Prince's Canal’’), and a fourth, outer canal, the Singelgracht, for purposes of defense and water management. The plan also envisaged interconnecting canals along radii; a set of parallel canals in the Jordaan quarter (primarily for the transportation of goods, for example, beer); the conversion of an existing, inner perimeter canal (Singel) from a defensive purpose to residential and commercial development; and more than one hundred bridges. The defensive purpose of the Nassau/Stadhouderskade was served by moat and earthen dikes, with gates at transit points but otherwise no masonry superstructures.

Construction proceeded from west to east, across the breadth of the layout, like a gigantic windshield wiper as the historian Geert Mak calls it – not from the center outwards as a popular myth has it. Construction of the north-western sector was started in 1613 and was finished around 1625. After 1664, building in the southern sector was started, although slowly because of an economic depression.[] The eastern part of the concentric canal plan, covering the area between the Amstel river and the IJ Bay, was not implemented for a long time. In the following centuries, the land went mostly for park, the Botanical garden, old age homes, theaters and other public facilities – and for waterways without much plan.

Several parts of the city and of the urban area are polders, recognizable by their postfix -meer meaning 'lake', such as Aalsmeer, Bijlmermeer, Haarlemmermeer, and Watergraafsmeer. The canals in Amsterdam are now used for tourism, recreation, houseboats, and a relatively small amount of private transport compared to the main modes of walking, light rail, subway, and bicycle. Most of the canals are paralleled by automobile roads on both sides.

Water quality

Through the mid-19th century, the water in the canals was stagnant and unsanitary, full of garbage, dead fish and feces. To remedy this, in 1879 the steam-powered pump station Gemaal Zeeburg was built to flush the canals out using water from Zuiderzee. Conditions were further improved in 1935 when the inner city was first connected to the sewer system, though the Grachtengordel was not fully connected until 1987. Up until this point, houses released wastewater into the canal. Further attempts to improve the water quality in recent years have included legislation prohibiting houseboats from releasing waste water into the canals. As of 2018, all houseboats are required to be connected to the sewage system, though this is not expected to be achieved until 2021. As of August 2018, more than 50 house boats were still releasing their sewage into the canals.

Another source of water pollution, particular to Dutch transport patterns, is the bicycle. Each year, between 12,000 and 15,000 bicycles are pulled out of the canals in what is colloquially referred to as 'bike fishing' (fietsen vissen).

While swimming in the canals is not officially encouraged, locals now swim each year in a number of locations around the city. Furthermore, since 2012, the Amsterdam City Swim has been held yearly to raise money for ALS research. In it, volunteers swim from Nieuwe Herengracht to Keizersgracht. However, the swimming part of the event was canceled in 2018 due to high levels of E. coli found in the water due to heavy rains the preceding weeks which overloaded the sewer system.

Notable canals in the Canal Belt

Inward to outward, the canals are as follows:

Singel

Singel encircled the medieval city of Amsterdam. It served as a moat around the city from 1480 until 1585, when Amsterdam expanded beyond Singel. The canal runs from the IJ Bay, near Central Station, to the Muntplein square, where it meets the Amstel river. It is now the inner-most canal in Amsterdam's semicircular ring of canals. The canal should not be confused with Singelgracht canal, which became the outer limit of the city during the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th Century.

Herengracht

Herengracht (Patricians' Canal or Lords' Canal) is the first of the three major canals in the city centre of Amsterdam. The canal is named after the heren regeerders who governed the city in the 16th and 17th century. The most fashionable part is called the Golden Bend, with many double wide mansions, inner gardens and coach houses on Keizersgracht. Samuel Sarphati (1813-1868) lived at the house at number 598 and Peter the Great stayed at the house at number 527 during his second visit to Amsterdam.

Keizersgracht

Keizersgracht (literal English translation: Emperor's Canal) is the second and widest of the three major canals in the city centre of Amsterdam, in between Herengracht and Prinsengracht. It is named after Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.[] John Adams stayed at the house at number 529, Heinrich Schliemann worked for almost three years at number 71, Daniel Fahrenheit at 463-465, and during his first visit to Amsterdam (1693), Peter the Great stayed at the house at number 317.

The Homomonument (Gay Monument) faces the Keizersgracht.

Prinsengracht

Prinsengracht (Prince's Canal) is the fourth and the longest of the main canals in Amsterdam. It is named after the Prince of Orange. Most of the canal houses along it were built during the Dutch Golden Age of the United Provinces. The bridges over the Prinsengracht canal connect with the streets in the Jordaan in the West and the Weteringbuurt on the East side.

Notable buildings along Prinsengracht include the Noorderkerk (Northern Church), the Noordermarkt (Northern Market), Anne Frank House, and the Westerkerk (Western Church, Amsterdam's tallest church).

Annually, the Prinsengrachtconcert is held on a pontoon in the canal in front of Hotel Pulitzer.

Other notable canals

Zwanenburgwal

Zwanenburgwal is a canal and street in the center of Amsterdam. The painter Rembrandt and philosopher Spinoza lived here. In 2006 it was voted one of the most beautiful streets in Amsterdam by readers of Het Parool, a local daily newspaper.

Zwanenburgwal flows from Sint Antoniessluis sluice gate (between the streets Sint Antoniesbreestraat and Jodenbreestraat) to the Amstel river. The canal was originally named Verversgracht ("dyers' canal"), after the textile industry that once dominated this part of town. Dyed textiles were hung to dry along the canal.

Brouwersgracht

Brouwersgracht is a canal in the city centre of Amsterdam and is part of the canal belt connecting the Singel, Herengracht, Keizergracht and Prinsengracht and marks the northern border of the canal belt. The canal served as a site for ships returning from Asia with spices and silks, therefore Brouwersgracht had many warehouses and storage depots for the ships inventories. Likewise some officials of the Dutch East India Company lived here such as their cartographer (1708-1743) Isaak de Graaf. Breweries were also prevalent in the area due to the access to fresh water shipments. Today the warehouses are now apartments, some of the most expensive in Amsterdam. Houseboats also are seen in the canal. In 2007, Brouwersgracht was voted the most beautiful street in Amsterdam by readers of Het Parool, a national daily newspaper.

Kloveniersburgwal

Kloveniersburgwal is a canal running south from Nieuwmarkt to the Amstel River on the edge of the medieval city. The east side became populated in the 17th century and has a few grand mansions, like the Trippenhuis, now housing the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). Kloveniersburgwal was popular with administrators at the Dutch East India Company, being close to its nerve center on Oude Hoogstraat and its warehouse.

Brantasgracht, Lamonggracht, Majanggracht and Seranggracht

These four canals are the newest in Amsterdam, constructed on Java Island in 1995, a manmade island in the IJ Harbor, north-east of the City Center. The canals are lined with modern interpretations of classic Amsterdam canal houses, which were designed by 19 young Dutch architects. Each house is 4.5 meters wide and 4 or 5 stories tall, but the designs are totally unique and are often featured in Amsterdam travel guides despite being off the beaten path of most tourists. Nine ornate metal bridges, designed by artist couple Guy Rombouts and Monika Droste, cross the canals for pedestrians and cyclists.

See also

  • Spiegelgracht
  • Lauriergracht

External links

  • Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
Listed in the following categories:
Post a comment
Tips & Hints
Arrange By:
Artyom Fedosov
29 July 2016
Dozens of bikes are lying on the bottom. Interesting to imagine how they fell there.
Gato Monge
28 December 2013
CANAL RING AREA OF AMSTERDAM - World Heritage UNESCO The historic urban ensemble of the canal district of Amsterdam was a project for a new ‘port city’ built at the end of the 16th and beginning of ..
Abdulrahman
8 October 2016
The differentiator of Amsterdam . You have the choice between having a canal tour with one trip or tale the hop-on-hop-off canal cruise for 24 Euro per day .
Exploring Julia
20 January 2012
Take a picnic or a bottle of wine with you and relax on a canal tour - it's such a great way to see the city and experience the intricate canal system (and of course to get out of the rain!!).
Abdulrahman Almunayes ????????
Very innovative city, using the canals & windmills to pump the water outside. Sustainable transportations by cycling. Walkable city. Very attractive for tourists. مدينة سياحية ممتعة جداً
InterContinental Hotels & Resorts
Best experienced in the early afternoon, walking along the canals is a great way of getting a closer look at what caught your eye during the boat tour of our Perfect Day's morning.
Load more comments
foursquare.com
9.5/10
22,287 people have been here
Map
Keizersgracht 556, 1017 EL Amsterdam, Netherlands Get directions
Fri 11:00 AM–9:00 PM
Sat 10:00 AM–10:00 PM
Sun 11:00 AM–8:00 PM
Mon Noon–8:00 PM
Tue 11:00 AM–Noon
Wed Noon–9:00 PM

Amsterdam Canals on Foursquare

Hotels nearby

See all hotels See all
W Amsterdam

starting $480

Hotel Die Port van Cleve

starting $275

Hot Spot Fascinating Bed and Breakfast B2

starting $130

Best location Stunning Bed and Breakfast

starting $171

Spui B&B 2 Studio

starting $0

Spui B&B 1 studio

starting $210

Recommended sights nearby

See all See all
Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
De Krijtberg

De Krijtberg is a Roman Catholic church in Amsterdam, located at the

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Leidseplein

The Leidseplein is a square in central Amsterdam, Netherlands. Lying

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Bloemenmarkt

The Bloemenmarkt is the world's only floating flower market.

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
De Balie

De Balie is a theatre and a centre for politics, culture and media,

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Bijbels Museum

The Bijbels Museum ('Biblical Museum') is a museum on the Herengracht

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Stadsschouwburg (Amsterdam)

The Stadsschouwburg (Dutch - city theatre) of Amsterdam is the name

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Melkweg

The Melkweg (English translation: 'Milky Way') is a popular music

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Begijnhof, Amsterdam

The Begijnhof is one of the oldest inner courts in the city of

See all nearby places

Similar tourist attractions

See all See all
Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Donaukanal

The Donaukanal ('Danube Canal') is a former arm of the river Danube,

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Fontanka River (Фонтанка)

Fontanka River (Фонтанка) is a tourist attraction, one of the Rivers

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
River Cam

The River Cam is a tributary of the River Great Ouse in the east of

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
Griboyedov Canal

The Griboyedov Canal or Kanal Griboyedova (Russian: кана́л Гриб

Add to wishlist
I've been here
Visited
River Thames

The Thames (Шаблон:Audio-IPA) is a major river flowing through south

See all similar places