Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (Arabic: مطار بيروت الدولي, Maṭār Bayrūt ad-Dwaliyy) (French: Aéroport international de Beyrouth Rafic Hariri) (IATA: BEY, ICAO: OLBA) is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as MEA). It is also the hub for the Lebanese charter carrier Wings of Lebanon, and was the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier TMA cargo before its collapse.
It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut. The airport is managed and operated by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), which operates within the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. The DGCA is also responsible for operating the air traffic control (ATC) at the airport as well as controlling Lebanon's airspace. DGCA duties include maintenance and general upkeep ranging from cleaning the terminal to de-rubberising the runways.
The airport opened on 23 April 1954, replacing the much smaller Bir Hassan Airfield which was located a short distance north. At the time of its opening, the terminal was very modern and it featured an excellent spotters terrace with a café. The airport consisted of two asphalt runways at the time. Runway 18/36 at 3,250 metres (10,663 ft) was used primarily for landings from the 18 end while runway 03/21 at 3,180 metres (10,433 ft) was used primarily for take-offs from the 21 end and from the Sami end.
The airport grew to become a premier hub in the Middle East, thanks to limited competition from neighbours, with fast and steady growth by the country's four carriers at the time, Middle East Airlines (MEA), Air Liban, Trans Mediterranean Airways (TMA), and Lebanese International Airways (LIA), and numerous other foreign carriers.
In response to an attack on El Al Flight 253 two days earlier in Athens, on the night of 28 December 1968, Israeli commandos mounted a surprise attack on the airport and destroyed 14 civilian aircraft operated by the Lebanese carriers, Middle East Airlines (Air Liban had merged with MEA by this time), Trans Mediterranean Airways, and Lebanese International Airways. This caused serious devastation to the Lebanese aviation industry. Middle East Airlines managed to rebound quickly, but Lebanese International Airways went bankrupt and its employees were transferred to MEA.
The airport lost its status as one of the premier hubs of the Middle East with the start of the 15-year-long Lebanese Civil War in April 1975 and lost virtually all of its airline services with the exception of two Lebanese carriers, Middle East Airlines and Trans Mediterranean Airways. Both airlines continued operating with the exception of certain periods of time when the airport itself was completely closed. Despite the conflict, the terminal was renovated in 1977, only to be badly damaged five years later by Israeli shelling during the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. The airport was the site of the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, in which 241 American servicemen were killed. The airport's runways were renovated in 1982 and 1984.
By the time war finally came to an end in 1990, the airport needed to launch a massive reconstruction program. A ten-year reconstruction program was launched in 1994 which included the construction of another terminal, two runways, a fire station, a power plant, a general aviation terminal, and an underground parking garage. Many structures, like the radar building, were rehabilitated.
In 1998 the first phase of the new terminal was completed. It was located immediately adjacent to the east of the old terminal and consists of gates 1–12. After it was inaugurated, the old terminal was demolished and construction on the western half began and was completed in 2000, however it was not inaugurated until 2002. This consists of gates 13–23. The new terminal can handle 6 million passengers annually and is expected to be expanded to handle 16 million passengers by 2035.
It was decided early on that the original runways were no longer sufficient. A new landing runway, 17/35 was constructed protruding at an angle out into the sea, with a length of 3,395 metres (11,138 ft). This seaward protrusion was built in order to move landing traffic away from the city in a bid to improve safety and reduce aircraft noise. A new take-off runway was constructed parallel to the old 03/21 at a length of 3,800 metres (12,467 ft) making it the longest runway in the airport. The old 03/21 was converted to a taxiway for accessing the new runway 03/21. Unlike the old runways, the two new runways were constructed from concrete and feature more advanced lighting systems and instrument landing systems. In 2004, runway 17/35 was re-designated 16/34 and runway 18/36 was re-designated 17/35 after more accurate runway heading measurements were conducted. Despite being essentially replaced by and adjacent to the new runway 16/34, runway 17/35 is still open, although it is rarely used.
On 17 June 2005, the General Aviation Terminal was finally opened. It is located on the northwestern corner of the airport. All fixed-base operators and VIP charter providers have moved their operations to this state-of-the-art terminal.
In 2005, the airport was renamed from "Beirut International Airport" to "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport" in honor of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri, who was assassinated earlier in the year.
On 13 July 2006 at approximately 6:00 a.m. local time, all three runways of the airport sustained significant damage from missile strikes directed at it by the Israeli Air Force as part of the 2006 Lebanon War. The Israeli Air Force claimed that the airport was a military target because Hezbollah was receiving weapons shipments there. The runways were rendered inoperative and the Lebanese Government declared that the airport was closed until further notice.
Shortly thereafter, MEA used one of the long taxiways at the airport to evacuate five of its aircraft (four Airbus A321 and one Airbus A330).
The airport reopened to commercial flights on 17 August 2006, with the arrival of a Middle East Airlines (MEA) flight around 1:10 p.m. local time from Amman, followed by a Royal Jordanian flight also from Amman. This marked the first commercial flight arrival at Beirut International Airport since the airport's closure almost five weeks before. All runways and taxiways at the airport have been successfully repaired and the airport is operating as it was before the hostilities.
On 7 September 2006, Israel ended its air blockade of Lebanon. The first plane to land at the airport after the end of the blockade was a Middle East Airlines flight at 6:06 p.m. local time. Soon after that, a Kuwait Airways flight landed at the airport. Over the next couple of days, more airlines resumed flights to the airport.
On 6 June 2007, U.S. President George W. Bush amended a ban on air traffic to Lebanon imposed since the 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847 to allow flights by the U.S. Government. A press release issued by the White House said that the "prohibition of transportation services to Lebanon...is hereby further amended to permit U.S. air carriers under contract to the United States Government to engage in foreign air transportation to and from Lebanon of passengers, including U.S. and non-U.S. citizens, and their accompanying baggage; of goods for humanitarian purposes; and of any other cargo or materiel.".
On 29 March 2018, Emirates operated a one-off Airbus A380 service to Beirut. It was a trial flight in order to test the airport's handling of the aircraft. The aircraft parked at gate 1, which is capable of handling the Airbus A380. This marked the first time the A380 had landed in Lebanon.
On 1 June 2019, the airport launched the new renovated and expanded departures and arrivals terminals. New customs counters were installed for both the departures and arrivals terminals. The airport is going to improve security by using newer equipment, relocate most of the security checkpoints, install an improved baggage handling system and inaugurate a fast track system for business and first class passengers by the end of the summer.
The terminal consists of two wings, the East and West Wing, joined together by the main terminal, forming a U‑shaped building, with each wing being parallel to the other, and the main terminal connecting the wings. The modern terminal consists of 23 gates, 19 of which have jetways, two of which are dual jetway gates for large aircraft, and two are bus gates which have been decommissioned. Smoking is prohibited in almost all areas inside the terminal, with a few exceptions (see East and West Wing section below).
The main terminal includes the bulk of the duty-free, some other shops, a restaurant, and the lounges. The main terminal has four levels:
Each wing contains its own departure gates, as well as two cafés (one of which features a smoking section), a newsstand, a tourism shop, and smaller duty-free shopping areas in each wing. The East Wing, which opened in 1998, has gates 1–12 and the West Wing, which opened in 2002, has gates 13–23. Gates 2 and 3 are dual jetway gates for large aircraft. Gates 4 and 22 are bus boarding gates, however these are almost never used. The only way to move from one wing to the next is through the main terminal.
The airport also includes banks, a post office, prayer rooms, and a tourist information centre (managed by the Ministry of Tourism). The airport is the first in the region to offer 5G wireless internet services available for free for 2 hours.
All of the lounges except for the Qatar Airways lounge and LAT lounge are also Priority Pass lounges.
Airlines | Destinations |
---|---|
Aegean Airlines | Athens, Larnaca |
Aeroflot | Moscow–Sheremetyevo |
Air Algérie | Algiers |
Air Arabia | Sharjah |
Air Arabia Egypt | Sharm El Sheikh |
Aircompany Armenia | Yerevan |
Air France | Paris–Charles de Gaulle Seasonal: Marseille, Nice |
Air Serbia | Belgrade |
Alitalia | Rome–Fiumicino |
Belavia | Seasonal: Minsk |
Bulgaria Air | Seasonal: Sofia |
Bulgarian Air Charter | Seasonal charter: Burgas, Varna |
Chair Airlines | Zürich |
Cyprus Airways | Larnaca |
Czech Airlines | Seasonal: Prague |
EgyptAir | Cairo Seasonal: Alexandria–Borg el Arab |
Emirates | Dubai–International |
Ethiopian Airlines | Addis Ababa |
Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi |
Flydubai | Dubai–Al Maktoum, Dubai–International |
Flynas | Jeddah, Riyadh |
Georgian Airways | Seasonal: Tbilisi |
Gulf Air | Bahrain |
Iran Air | Mashhad, Tehran–Imam Khomeini |
Iraqi Airways | Baghdad, Basra, Najaf, Sulaymaniyah |
Jazeera Airways | Seasonal: Kuwait |
Jordan Aviation | Amman–Queen Alia |
Kuwait Airways | Kuwait |
Lauda | Vienna (begins 3 May 2020) |
LOT Polish Airlines | Warsaw–Chopin |
Lufthansa | Frankfurt |
Mahan Air | Mashhad, Tehran–Imam Khomeini |
Middle East Airlines | Abidjan, Abu Dhabi, Accra, Amman–Queen Alia, Athens, Baghdad,
Basra, Brussels, Cairo, Copenhagen, Dammam, Doha,
Dubai–International, Erbil, Frankfurt, Geneva, Istanbul, Jeddah,
Kuwait, Lagos, Larnaca, London–Heathrow, Madrid, Milan–Malpensa,
Najaf, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Riyadh, Rome–Fiumicino, Yerevan Seasonal: Medina |
Pegasus Airlines | Antalya, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen |
Qatar Airways | Doha |
Royal Air Maroc | Casablanca |
Royal Jordanian | Amman–Queen Alia |
Ryanair | Paphos |
Saudia | Jeddah, Medina, Riyadh |
Scandinavian Airlines | Seasonal: Copenhagen, Stockholm–Arlanda |
Sundair | Berlin–Tegel |
SunExpress | Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Hannover, Stuttgart |
TAROM | Bucharest |
Transavia | Amsterdam |
Transavia France | Lyon, Paris–Orly |
Tunisair | Tunis |
Turkish Airlines | Istanbul Seasonal: Antalya |
Vueling | Barcelona |
Airlines | Destinations |
---|---|
Cargolux | Amman–Queen Alia, Cairo, Hong Kong, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Luxembourg |
DHL Aviation | Bahrain |
EgyptAir Cargo | Cairo |
Emirates SkyCargo | Dubai–Al Maktoum |
Ethiopian Airlines Cargo | Addis Ababa, Liège |
MNG Airlines | Cairo, Istanbul-Atatürk |
Qatar Airways Cargo | Accra, Doha, Kuwait City, Zaragoza, |
Turkish Cargo | Amman–Queen Alia, Istanbul–Atatürk |
ULS Airlines Cargo | Istanbul-Atäturk |
Passenger use and aircraft movements have increased each year since 1990 with the exception of 2006, which saw a sharp decrease in both. Total cargo has trended upwards since 1990 but also experienced a significant decrease in 2006.
Busiest Western Europe Routes from Beirut International AirportRank | City | Passengers (2017) | Carriers |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Paris-Charles de Gaulle | 534,706 | Air France, Middle East Airlines |
2 | London-Heathrow | 271,359 | British Airways, Middle East Airlines |
3 | Rome-Fiumicino | 167,155 | Alitalia, Middle East Airlines |
4 | Frankfurt | 134,335 | Lufthansa, Middle East Airlines |
Rank | City | Number of weekly departures | Passengers (2017) | Carriers |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Istanbul | 70 | --- | AtlasGlobal, Middle East Airlines, Pegasus Airlines, Turkish Airlines |
2 | Dubai | 63 | --- | Emirates, flydubai, Middle East Airlines |
3 | Cairo | 42 | --- | EgyptAir, Middle East Airlines |
3 | Doha | 42 | --- | Middle East Airlines, Qatar Airways |
5 | Amman | 40 | --- | Middle East Airlines, Royal Jordanian |
6 | Paris | 36 | 534,706 (CDG only) | Aigle Azur, Air France, Middle East Airlines, Transavia France |
7 | Riyadh | 32 | --- | Flynas, Middle East Airlines, Saudia |
8 | Larnaca | 31 | --- | Cyprus Airways, Middle East Airlines |
9 | Kuwait City | 29 | --- | Jazeera Airways, Kuwait Airways, Middle East Airlines |
10 | Sharjah | 28 | --- | Air Arabia |
11 | Jeddah | 24 | --- | Flynas, Middle East Airlines, Saudia |
12 | Frankfurt | 22 | 134,335 | Lufthansa, Middle East Airlines |
13 | Abu Dhabi | 21 | --- | Etihad, Middle East Airlines |
13 | London | 21 | 271,359 | British Airways, Middle East Airlines |
13 | Rome | 21 | 167,155 | Alitalia, Middle East Airlines |
16 | Athens | 19 | 153,914 | Aegean Airlines, Middle East Airlines |
17 | Baghdad | 15 | --- | Fly Baghdad, Iraqi Airways, Middle East Airlines |
18 | Addis Ababa | 14 | --- | Ethiopian Airlines |
18 | Bahrain | 14 | --- | Gulf Air |
20 | Najaf | 12 | --- | Iraqi Airways, Middle East Airlines |
21 | Dammam | 10 | --- | Middle East Airlines |
21 | Nice | 10 | --- | Air France, Middle East Airlines |
23 | Antalya | 9 | --- | Pegasus Airlines, Turkish Airlines |
24 | Yerevan | 8 | --- | Armenia Aircompany, Middle East Airlines |
25 | Belgrade | 7 | --- | Air Serbia |
25 | Bucharest | 7 | --- | TAROM |
25 | Copenhagen | 7 | --- | Middle East Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines |
25 | Geneva | 7 | 66,443 (2016) | Middle East Airlines |
29 | Barcelona | 6 | --- | Vueling |
29 | Basra | 6 | --- | Iraqi Airways, Middle East Airlines |
29 | Brussels | 6 | --- | Middle East Airlines |
29 | Casablanca | 6 | --- | Royal Air Maroc |
29 | Milan | 6 | --- | Middle East Airlines |
29 | Prague | 6 | --- | Czech Airlines |
29 | Marseille | 6 | --- | Aigle Azur, Air France |
36 | Adana | 5 | --- | AtlasGlobal |
36 | Erbil | 5 | --- | Middle East Airlines |
36 | Tunis | 5 | --- | Tunisair |
36 | Warsaw | 5 | --- | LOT Polish Airlines |
Year | Total passengers | Total Cargo (metric tons) | Total Aircraft movements |
---|---|---|---|
1990 | 637,944 | 8,048 | |
1991 | 837,144 | 44,064 | 10,822 |
1992 | 1,092,645 | 48,859 | 14,963 |
1993 | 1,343,289 | 45,539 | 16,581 |
1994 | 1,489,429 | 54,007 | 19,045 |
1995 | 1,672,657 | 49,742 | 20,478 |
1996 | 1,715,434 | 46,505 | 21,004 |
1997 | 1,715,434 | 46,505 | 21,004 |
1998 | 2,006,956 | 55,037 | 23,051 |
1999 | 2,222,344 | 54,300 | 25,010 |
2000 | 2,343,387 | 52,439 | 29,707 |
2001 | 2,444,851 | 62,789 | 30,627 |
2002 | 2,606,861 | 65,913 | 32,952 |
2003 | 2,840,400 | 65,674 | 34,468 |
2004 | 3,334,710 | 62,081 | 39,023 |
2005 | 3,892,356 | 68,852 | 44,295 |
2006 | 2,463,576 | 52,638 | 27,870 |
2007 | 3,009,749 | 59,387 | 32.674 |
2008 | 4,004,972 | 71,965 | 49,873 |
2009 | 4,952,899 | 57,545 | 66,122 |
2010 | 5,512,435 | 77,276 | 58,592 |
2011 | 5,596,034 | 74,004 | 63,666 |
2012 | 5,960,414 | 84,911 | 63,211 |
2013 | 6,249,503 | 106,361 | 62,980 |
2014 | 6,555,069 | - | 64,579 |
2015 | 7,203,781 | - | 68,872 |
2016 | 7,510,828 | 85,343 | 69,944 |
2017 | 8,230,990 | - | 71,169 |
2018 | 8,841,966 | 98,200 | 73,627 |
2019 | 8,689,603 | 87,517 | 72,279 |
The airport has a three-level car park with a total capacity of 2,350 cars.
Public transportation to the airport does not exist, except for taxis. These tend to be more expensive than regular service taxis, however.
LCC Bus Route 1 takes passengers from the airport roundabout, which is located one kilometer from the terminal, to Rue Sadat in Hamra, whereas Route 5 takes to the Charles Helou bus station. OCFTC buses number seven and ten also stop at the airport roundabout, en route to central Beirut.
Airport services, like much else in Lebanon, are often divided and delegated based upon sectarian allegiance. While, practically, the airport is mostly controlled by the Shia party Hezbollah,[
] other groups, including Sunnis and Maronites, have their own fiefs within the airport's provision of services.The airport has two ground handling operators, Middle East Airlines Ground Handling (MEAG) Lebanese Air Transport (LAT).
Middle East Airlines Ground Handling (MEAG) is a wholly owned subsidiary of the national carrier, MEA. It provides ground handling services for the national carrier, MEA, as well as most of the carriers serving the airport, including the cargo carriers. MEAG handles nearly 80% of the traffic at the airport. []
Lebanese Air Transport (LAT) is a smaller ground handling operator that conducts ground handling operations for a number of carriers serving the airport. LAT specialises in handling charter flights, but do have contracts with a number of scheduled carriers such as British Airways. Once upon a time, LAT was an airline that operated its own aircraft, however this was many years ago. []
The airport is home to four fixed-base operators (FBOs) for private aircraft.
MEAG recently launched its own FBO services with the opening of the new General Aviation Terminal called the Cedar Jet Centre, now regarded as the airport's top FBO. Another leading FBO is Aircraft Support & Services, which specialises in fixed-base operator services for private and executive aircraft. In addition, they operate two executive jets that can be chartered to various places. JR Executive operates a fleet of small propeller aircraft that can be chartered or leased. [] They also have a flight school. They also conduct light maintenance on light aircraft and also offer fixed based operator services. Cirrus Middle East, a member of the German Cirrus Group, is partnering up with Universal Weather and Aviation to create a fixed-base operator and VIP charter service to be launched on 15 October 2012. [] The company will initially be called Universal/Cirrus Middle East, but will eventually become Universal Aviation Beirut. They aim to become one of the top FBOs in the Middle East and will cater aircraft as large as Boeing 747s.
LAT offers limited fixed-base operator services for private and executive aircraft. Executive Aircraft Services offers aircraft charter services, ground handling services, aircraft management, and aircraft acquisition and sales.
The airport is the home base of MidEast Aircraft Services Company (MASCO), an aircraft maintenance provider that specialises in Airbus maintenance, particularly the A320 and A330 series. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the national carrier, MEA. MASCO has JAR 145 approval and as a result can maintain any aircraft registered in Europe.
Middle East Airlines has its corporate headquarters and training centre at Beirut Airport.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.
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